操作指南:投票/调查 API
本指南展示如何使用 NENE2 构建带重复投票防护的投票和调查系统。模式由 polllog 字段试验(FT217)验证。
功能
- 创建带 2–20 个选项的投票(仅管理员)
- 公开和私有投票(私有:仅管理员访问)
- 每用户每投票只能投一票(由 UNIQUE 约束强制执行)
- 每选项投票数的实时结果聚合
- 所有选项的总投票数
数据库结构
sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS polls (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
question TEXT NOT NULL,
is_public INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
created_at TEXT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS poll_options (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
poll_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
label TEXT NOT NULL,
sort_order INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
FOREIGN KEY (poll_id) REFERENCES polls(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS votes (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
poll_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
option_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
created_at TEXT NOT NULL,
UNIQUE (poll_id, user_id), -- 每用户每投票只能投一票
FOREIGN KEY (poll_id) REFERENCES polls(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY (option_id) REFERENCES poll_options(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_votes_poll ON votes (poll_id, option_id);端点
| 方法 | 路径 | 认证 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
POST | /polls | 管理员 | 创建带选项的投票 |
GET | /polls/{id} | 公开 | 获取投票(私有 → 非管理员返回 404) |
POST | /polls/{id}/vote | 用户 | 投票 |
GET | /polls/{id}/results | 公开 | 获取每选项投票数结果 |
选项校验
php
private const int MIN_OPTIONS = 2;
private const int MAX_OPTIONS = 20;
private const int MAX_LABEL_LEN = 100;
foreach ($rawOptions as $idx => $label) {
if (!is_string($label) || trim($label) === '') {
return $this->problem(422, 'validation-failed', "options[{$idx}] must not be empty.");
}
if (strlen($label) > self::MAX_LABEL_LEN) {
return $this->problem(422, 'validation-failed', "options[{$idx}] too long (max 100).");
}
}重复投票防护
php
/** @return 'ok'|'already_voted'|'invalid_option' */
public function vote(int $pollId, int $userId, int $optionId): string
{
// 验证选项属于该投票(防止跨投票选项注入)
$stmt = $this->pdo->prepare(
'SELECT id FROM poll_options WHERE id = :oid AND poll_id = :pid'
);
$stmt->execute([':oid' => $optionId, ':pid' => $pollId]);
if ($stmt->fetch() === false) {
return 'invalid_option'; // → 422
}
// 检查现有投票
$stmt2 = $this->pdo->prepare(
'SELECT id FROM votes WHERE poll_id = :pid AND user_id = :uid'
);
if ($stmt2->fetch() !== false) {
return 'already_voted'; // → 409
}
// INSERT——UNIQUE(poll_id, user_id) 约束是最后安全网
$this->pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO votes ...')->execute([...]);
return 'ok';
}结果聚合
使用 LEFT JOIN 确保零票的选项也出现在结果中:
sql
SELECT o.id, o.label, o.sort_order,
COUNT(v.id) AS votes
FROM poll_options o
LEFT JOIN votes v ON v.option_id = o.id AND v.poll_id = o.poll_id
WHERE o.poll_id = :pid
GROUP BY o.id, o.label, o.sort_order
ORDER BY o.sort_order ASC, o.id ASCphp
$results = $this->repo->results($id);
$totalVotes = array_sum(array_column($results, 'votes'));
return $this->json([
'poll_id' => $id,
'total_votes' => $totalVotes,
'results' => $results,
]);私有投票访问控制
私有投票对非管理员用户返回 404(隐藏存在性):
php
// GET /polls/{id}
if (!(bool) $poll['is_public'] && !$this->isAdmin($req)) {
return $this->problem(404, 'not-found', 'Poll not found.');
}安全模式
- 管理员故障关闭:在
hash_equals()之前执行if ($this->adminKey === '') return false; is_int():option_id的严格类型检查——拒绝浮点数/字符串ctype_digit():路径 ID 的 ReDoS 安全整数校验- 跨投票选项注入:
WHERE id = :oid AND poll_id = :pid防止使用其他投票的选项 is_bool():is_public标志的严格检查——拒绝1/0/"true"等